See commune on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "communer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "communise"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "communize"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "excommune"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "house-commune"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "intercommune"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "people's commune"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban-rural commune"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mey- (change)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "commune"
},
"expansion": "Middle English commune",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "comune"
},
"expansion": "Old French comune",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "commūnia"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin commūnia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "commūne",
"t": "community, state"
},
"expansion": "Latin commūne (“community, state”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "comune"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of comune",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English commune, comune, from Old French comune, commune, from Medieval Latin commūnia, from Latin commūne (“community, state”), from commūnis (“common”). Doublet of comune. See also community, communion, common.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "communes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "commune (countable and uncountable, plural communes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 20 8 31 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 23 8 30 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "12 22 9 30 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 12 3 36 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cantonese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 9 34 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Corsican translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 18 9 29 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 12 3 32 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 15 9 33 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 10 33 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Franco-Provençal translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 12 3 32 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 12 4 31 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 20 5 32 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 14 2 34 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 9 31 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 13 3 33 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 21 8 29 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 11 2 40 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 20 8 31 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 11 3 38 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 9 31 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 9 33 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 22 9 30 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 13 3 33 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 19 7 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 21 8 29 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "13 13 9 34 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "16 13 2 34 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 9 34 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1975, Peter J. Seybolt, editor, The Rustication of Urban Youth in China, published 2015, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 148:",
"text": "The town of Chu-chou in Hunan Province, carrying out the great directive of Chairman Mao that \"educated youths must go to the villages,\" has put into practice factory-commune links, and under the leadership of cadres, has made a collective settlement of educated youths in commune and brigade farms, forest areas, and tea plantations.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community."
],
"id": "en-commune-en-noun-fXkbuvzg",
"links": [
[
"community",
"community"
],
[
"rural",
"rural"
],
[
"division of labour",
"division of labour"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 2 3",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mašāʕiyya",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مَشَاعِيَّة"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 2 3",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hamaynkʻ",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "համայնք"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 2 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "komúna",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кому́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 2 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "kommuuni"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 2 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "koinóvio",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "κοινόβιο"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 2 3",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kvutsá",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "קבוצה \\ קְבוּצָה"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 2 3",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kibúts",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קיבוץ \\ קִבּוּץ"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 2 3",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "komono"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 2 3",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "komune"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 2 3",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "khum",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "ឃុំ"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 2 3",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "sɑɑsɑngkat",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "សង្កាត់"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 2 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obščína",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "общи́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 2 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "comuna"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 2 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "byalag"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
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"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
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{
"_dis": "16 12 3 36 34",
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{
"_dis": "13 13 9 34 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Corsican translations",
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{
"_dis": "13 18 9 29 31",
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{
"_dis": "16 12 3 32 36",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "14 15 9 33 29",
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{
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{
"_dis": "16 12 3 32 37",
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{
"_dis": "17 12 4 31 36",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 20 5 32 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 14 2 34 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 9 31 32",
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"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
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"_dis": "16 13 3 33 35",
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},
{
"_dis": "13 21 8 29 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 11 2 40 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "12 20 8 31 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "15 11 3 38 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "14 14 9 31 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 9 33 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 22 9 30 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 13 3 33 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 19 7 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 21 8 29 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 9 34 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 13 2 34 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 9 34 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
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}
],
"glosses": [
"A local political division in many European countries and in Chile."
],
"id": "en-commune-en-noun-5MZIq1WX",
"links": [
[
"local",
"local"
],
[
"political",
"political"
],
[
"division",
"division"
],
[
"European",
"European"
],
[
"Chile",
"Chile"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "komunë"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "komuna",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "կոմունա"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obštiná",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "община́"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "si⁵ zan³",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "市镇"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shìzhèn",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "市镇"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "co",
"lang": "Corsican",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cumune"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "co",
"lang": "Corsican",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cumuna"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "obec"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kommune"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "gemeente"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "kunta"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "frp",
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "comena"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "commune"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Gemeinde"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kommune"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "koinótita",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κοινότητα"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "sveitarfélag"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "komune"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "comune"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "comuna"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "sɑɑsɑngkat",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "សង្កាត់"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "khum",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "ឃុំ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "savivaldybė"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "Gemeng"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "opština",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "општина"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "comuna"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "komun",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "کمون"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "dehestan",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "دهستان"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gmina"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "freguesia"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "município"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "comună"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "municipiu"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kommúna",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "комму́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obščína",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "общи́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "о̏пћина"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ȍpćina"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "obec"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "občina"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "comuna"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "municipio"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "kommun"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "komün"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hromada",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "громада"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "thị trấn"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 13 10 33 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Franco-Provençal translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The commonalty; the common people."
],
"id": "en-commune-en-noun-4MyUqMow",
"links": [
[
"commonalty",
"commonalty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The commonalty; the common people."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 20 8 31 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 19 3 37 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 23 8 30 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 22 9 30 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 12 3 36 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cantonese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 9 34 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Corsican translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 18 9 29 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 12 3 32 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 15 9 33 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 10 33 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Franco-Provençal translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 12 3 32 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 12 4 31 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 20 5 32 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 14 9 36 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 14 2 34 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 9 31 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 13 3 33 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 18 9 34 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Khmer translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 21 8 29 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 11 2 40 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 20 8 31 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 11 3 38 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 9 31 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 9 33 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 19 7 34 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 22 9 30 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 13 3 33 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 19 7 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 21 8 29 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 9 34 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 13 2 34 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 14 9 36 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 14 9 36 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 21 8 33 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 9 34 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, (please specify |part=Prologue or Rpilogue, or |canto=I to CXXIX):",
"text": "For days of happy commune dead.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Communion; sympathetic conversation between friends."
],
"id": "en-commune-en-noun-obN9tBde",
"links": [
[
"Communion",
"communion"
],
[
"sympathetic",
"sympathetic"
],
[
"conversation",
"conversation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, obsolete) Communion; sympathetic conversation between friends."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 11 2 28 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 20 8 31 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 23 8 30 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 22 9 30 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 12 3 36 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cantonese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 9 34 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Corsican translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 18 9 29 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 15 6 30 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 12 3 32 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 15 9 33 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 10 33 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Franco-Provençal translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 12 3 32 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 12 4 31 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 10 3 28 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 20 5 32 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 14 2 34 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 9 31 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 13 3 33 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 21 8 29 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 11 2 40 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 20 8 31 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 10 3 30 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 11 3 38 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 9 31 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 9 33 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 22 9 30 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 13 3 33 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 19 7 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 21 8 29 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 9 34 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 13 2 34 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 9 34 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1997, David Nicholas, The Growth of the Medieval City: From Late Antiquity to the Early Fourteenth Century, →ISBN, page 161:",
"text": "In 1117 the commune and archbishop had separate consuls at Milan.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A self-governing city or league of citizens."
],
"id": "en-commune-en-noun-aJO3qqbr",
"links": [
[
"self-governing",
"self-governing"
],
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"league",
"league"
],
[
"citizen",
"citizen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A self-governing city or league of citizens."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"historical",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "kŏm'yo͞on",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɒmjuːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "käm'yo͞on",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑmjuːn/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-commune-noun.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/66/En-us-commune-noun.ogg/En-us-commune-noun.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/En-us-commune-noun.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"commune"
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "communen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English communen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "comunier"
},
"expansion": "Old French comunier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "commūnico"
},
"expansion": "Latin commūnico",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "communicate"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of communicate",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English communen, comunen, from Old French comunier, communier (“to share”), from Latin commūnico. Doublet of communicate.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "communes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "communing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "communed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "communed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "commune (third-person singular simple present communes, present participle communing, simple past and past participle communed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 9 0 19 16 29 15 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 11 1 18 15 27 14 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English heteronyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 8 18 15 28 11 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "en:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Measure for Measure”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:",
"text": "I would commune with you of such things / That want no ear but yours.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To converse together with sympathy and confidence; to interchange sentiments or feelings; to take counsel."
],
"id": "en-commune-en-verb-8PxWfMr1"
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He spent a week in the backcountry, communing with nature.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To communicate (with) spiritually; to be together (with); to contemplate or absorb."
],
"id": "en-commune-en-verb-daBQSskF",
"links": [
[
"contemplate",
"contemplate"
],
[
"absorb",
"absorb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, followed by with) To communicate (with) spiritually; to be together (with); to contemplate or absorb."
],
"raw_tags": [
"followed by with"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Christianity",
"orig": "en:Christianity",
"parents": [
"Abrahamism",
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1681, Gilbert Burnet, “[A Collection of Records, and Original Papers; with Other Instruments Referred to in the Second Part of the History of the Reformation of the Church of England.] Book I.”, in The History of the Reformation of the Church of England. The Second Part, […], London: […] T[homas] H[odgkin] for Richard Chiswell, […], →OCLC, page 207:",
"text": "Namely, in these things, in prohibiting that none should commune alone, in making the People whole Communers, or in suffering them to Commune under both kinds […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To receive the communion."
],
"id": "en-commune-en-verb-LZAEfWvS",
"links": [
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
],
[
"communion",
"communion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Christianity, intransitive) To receive the communion."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"topics": [
"Christianity"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "kəmyo͞on'"
},
{
"ipa": "/kəˈmjuːn/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-commune-verb.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/En-us-commune-verb.ogg/En-us-commune-verb.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/En-us-commune-verb.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːn"
}
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "komune",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: komune",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: komune"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "commune"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch commune",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fro",
"3": "commune"
},
"expansion": "Old French commune",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "la",
"3": "communia"
},
"expansion": "Latin communia",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch commune, from Old French commune, from Latin communia.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "communes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "communetje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-s",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "commune f (plural communes, diminutive communetje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"com‧mu‧ne"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a commune (community living together with common property)"
],
"id": "en-commune-nl-noun-PiuHkCY-",
"links": [
[
"commune",
"commune#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌkɔˈmynə/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-commune.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e3/Nl-commune.ogg/Nl-commune.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Nl-commune.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ynə"
}
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kommune",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: kommune",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: kommune"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kommune",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Kommune",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Kommune"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "kommune",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: kommune",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: kommune"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "kommune",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kommune",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kommune"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "کمون",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "komun"
},
"expansion": "→ Persian: کمون (komun)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Persian: کمون (komun)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "комму́на",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: комму́на (kommúna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: комму́на (kommúna)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kommun",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: kommun",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: kommun"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "komün",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Turkish: komün",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Turkish: komün"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "communia"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Medieval Latin communia",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Medieval Latin communia, neuter plural of communis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "communes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "commune f (plural communes)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"commune (administrative subdivision)"
],
"id": "en-commune-fr-noun-~7kdG97h",
"links": [
[
"commune",
"commune#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔ.myn/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-commune.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Fr-commune.ogg/Fr-commune.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Fr-commune.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Commune in France"
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "adjective form"
},
"expansion": "commune",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "commun"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feminine singular of commun"
],
"id": "en-commune-fr-adj-OT-2c9g1",
"links": [
[
"commun",
"commun#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔ.myn/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-commune.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Fr-commune.ogg/Fr-commune.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Fr-commune.ogg"
}
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "communi",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "commune (plural communi)",
"name": "it-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "comune"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of comune"
],
"id": "en-commune-it-adj-6hxQnfdk",
"links": [
[
"comune",
"comune#Italian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Alternative form of comune"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "communi",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "commune m (plural communi)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "comune"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "communità"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of comune"
],
"id": "en-commune-it-noun-6hxQnfdk",
"links": [
[
"comune",
"comune#Italian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Alternative form of comune"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "commūne",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "commūne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "commūne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "commūne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "commūne<3>"
},
"expansion": "commūne n (genitive commūnis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "commūne<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"joint, common or public property and rights"
],
"id": "en-commune-la-noun-6dR5qUOo",
"links": [
[
"joint",
"joint"
],
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"public",
"public"
],
[
"property",
"property"
],
[
"rights",
"rights"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 4 1 11 8 14 7 2 1 1 1 1 1 13 19 2 1 7 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 4 0 11 8 15 7 1 0 1 1 1 1 14 21 1 0 8 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 29 42 6 1 17 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"public places and interests"
],
"id": "en-commune-la-noun-zrbsScu8",
"links": [
[
"places",
"places"
],
[
"interests",
"interests"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"common feature, characteristic, general rule or terms"
],
"id": "en-commune-la-noun-6OiehRjJ",
"links": [
[
"feature",
"feature"
],
[
"characteristic",
"characteristic"
],
[
"general",
"general"
],
[
"rule",
"rule"
],
[
"terms",
"terms"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"general"
],
"id": "en-commune-la-noun-D-rhbVU2",
"links": [
[
"general",
"general"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Medieval Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"league or corporation of citizens"
],
"id": "en-commune-la-noun-diaqT6Mh",
"links": [
[
"league",
"league"
],
[
"corporation",
"corporation"
],
[
"citizen",
"citizen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin) league or corporation of citizens"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Medieval Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a universal tax"
],
"id": "en-commune-la-noun-nZcu70xS",
"links": [
[
"tax",
"tax"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin) a universal tax"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-3"
]
}
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "commūne",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "adjective form",
"head": "commūne"
},
"expansion": "commūne",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "52 7 9 14 4 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "commūnis"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular of commūnis"
],
"id": "en-commune-la-adj-0ZFLBFj0",
"links": [
[
"commūnis",
"communis#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "commune",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "… Beloved and feared, through favor of fortune,\nBoth by his lords and by his citizenry.",
"ref": "late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Clerk's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 69-70",
"roman": "Bothe of his lordes and of his commune.",
"text": "[...] Biloved and drad, thurgh favour of fortune,",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"commons; citizenry"
],
"id": "en-commune-enm-noun-yvSvz3xx",
"links": [
[
"commons",
"commons"
],
[
"citizenry",
"citizenry"
]
]
}
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "komune",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: komune",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: komune"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "commune"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch commune",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fro",
"3": "commune"
},
"expansion": "Old French commune",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "la",
"3": "communia"
},
"expansion": "Latin communia",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch commune, from Old French commune, from Latin communia.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "communes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "communetje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-s",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "commune f (plural communes, diminutive communetje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"com‧mu‧ne"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch feminine nouns",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -s",
"Dutch terms derived from Latin",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old French",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ynə"
],
"glosses": [
"a commune (community living together with common property)"
],
"links": [
[
"commune",
"commune#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌkɔˈmynə/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-commune.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e3/Nl-commune.ogg/Nl-commune.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Nl-commune.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ynə"
}
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *mey- (change)",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Icelandic translations",
"Rhymes:English/uːn",
"Rhymes:English/uːn/2 syllables",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Corsican translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Franco-Provençal translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"en:Collectives"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "communer"
},
{
"word": "communise"
},
{
"word": "communize"
},
{
"word": "excommune"
},
{
"word": "house-commune"
},
{
"word": "intercommune"
},
{
"word": "people's commune"
},
{
"word": "urban-rural commune"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mey- (change)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "commune"
},
"expansion": "Middle English commune",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "comune"
},
"expansion": "Old French comune",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "commūnia"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin commūnia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "commūne",
"t": "community, state"
},
"expansion": "Latin commūne (“community, state”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "comune"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of comune",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English commune, comune, from Old French comune, commune, from Medieval Latin commūnia, from Latin commūne (“community, state”), from commūnis (“common”). Doublet of comune. See also community, communion, common.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "communes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "commune (countable and uncountable, plural communes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1975, Peter J. Seybolt, editor, The Rustication of Urban Youth in China, published 2015, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 148:",
"text": "The town of Chu-chou in Hunan Province, carrying out the great directive of Chairman Mao that \"educated youths must go to the villages,\" has put into practice factory-commune links, and under the leadership of cadres, has made a collective settlement of educated youths in commune and brigade farms, forest areas, and tea plantations.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community."
],
"links": [
[
"community",
"community"
],
[
"rural",
"rural"
],
[
"division of labour",
"division of labour"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A local political division in many European countries and in Chile."
],
"links": [
[
"local",
"local"
],
[
"political",
"political"
],
[
"division",
"division"
],
[
"European",
"European"
],
[
"Chile",
"Chile"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The commonalty; the common people."
],
"links": [
[
"commonalty",
"commonalty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The commonalty; the common people."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, (please specify |part=Prologue or Rpilogue, or |canto=I to CXXIX):",
"text": "For days of happy commune dead.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Communion; sympathetic conversation between friends."
],
"links": [
[
"Communion",
"communion"
],
[
"sympathetic",
"sympathetic"
],
[
"conversation",
"conversation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, obsolete) Communion; sympathetic conversation between friends."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1997, David Nicholas, The Growth of the Medieval City: From Late Antiquity to the Early Fourteenth Century, →ISBN, page 161:",
"text": "In 1117 the commune and archbishop had separate consuls at Milan.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A self-governing city or league of citizens."
],
"links": [
[
"self-governing",
"self-governing"
],
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"league",
"league"
],
[
"citizen",
"citizen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A self-governing city or league of citizens."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"historical",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "kŏm'yo͞on",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɒmjuːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "käm'yo͞on",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑmjuːn/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-commune-noun.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/66/En-us-commune-noun.ogg/En-us-commune-noun.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/En-us-commune-noun.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mašāʕiyya",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مَشَاعِيَّة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hamaynkʻ",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "համայնք"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "komúna",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кому́на"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "kommuuni"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "koinóvio",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "κοινόβιο"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kvutsá",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "קבוצה \\ קְבוּצָה"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kibúts",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קיבוץ \\ קִבּוּץ"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "komono"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "komune"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "khum",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "ឃុំ"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "sɑɑsɑngkat",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "សង្កាត់"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obščína",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "общи́на"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "comuna"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "byalag"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "komunë"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "komuna",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "կոմունա"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obštiná",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "община́"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "si⁵ zan³",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "市镇"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shìzhèn",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "市镇"
},
{
"code": "co",
"lang": "Corsican",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cumune"
},
{
"code": "co",
"lang": "Corsican",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cumuna"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "obec"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kommune"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "gemeente"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "kunta"
},
{
"code": "frp",
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "comena"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "commune"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Gemeinde"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kommune"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "koinótita",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κοινότητα"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "sveitarfélag"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "komune"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "comune"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "comuna"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "sɑɑsɑngkat",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "សង្កាត់"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "khum",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "ឃុំ"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "savivaldybė"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "Gemeng"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "opština",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "општина"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "comuna"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "komun",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "کمون"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "dehestan",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "دهستان"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gmina"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "freguesia"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "município"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "comună"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "municipiu"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kommúna",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "комму́на"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obščína",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "общи́на"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "о̏пћина"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ȍpćina"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "obec"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "občina"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "comuna"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "municipio"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "kommun"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "komün"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hromada",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "громада"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "thị trấn"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"commune"
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"categories": [
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/uːn",
"Rhymes:English/uːn/2 syllables",
"en:Collectives"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "communen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English communen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "comunier"
},
"expansion": "Old French comunier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "commūnico"
},
"expansion": "Latin commūnico",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "communicate"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of communicate",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English communen, comunen, from Old French comunier, communier (“to share”), from Latin commūnico. Doublet of communicate.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "communes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "communing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "communed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "communed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "commune (third-person singular simple present communes, present participle communing, simple past and past participle communed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Measure for Measure”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:",
"text": "I would commune with you of such things / That want no ear but yours.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To converse together with sympathy and confidence; to interchange sentiments or feelings; to take counsel."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He spent a week in the backcountry, communing with nature.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To communicate (with) spiritually; to be together (with); to contemplate or absorb."
],
"links": [
[
"contemplate",
"contemplate"
],
[
"absorb",
"absorb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, followed by with) To communicate (with) spiritually; to be together (with); to contemplate or absorb."
],
"raw_tags": [
"followed by with"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Christianity"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1681, Gilbert Burnet, “[A Collection of Records, and Original Papers; with Other Instruments Referred to in the Second Part of the History of the Reformation of the Church of England.] Book I.”, in The History of the Reformation of the Church of England. The Second Part, […], London: […] T[homas] H[odgkin] for Richard Chiswell, […], →OCLC, page 207:",
"text": "Namely, in these things, in prohibiting that none should commune alone, in making the People whole Communers, or in suffering them to Commune under both kinds […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To receive the communion."
],
"links": [
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
],
[
"communion",
"communion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Christianity, intransitive) To receive the communion."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"topics": [
"Christianity"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "kəmyo͞on'"
},
{
"ipa": "/kəˈmjuːn/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-commune-verb.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/En-us-commune-verb.ogg/En-us-commune-verb.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/En-us-commune-verb.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːn"
}
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French adjective forms",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine nouns",
"French lemmas",
"French non-lemma forms",
"French nouns",
"French terms borrowed from Medieval Latin",
"French terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kommune",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: kommune",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: kommune"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kommune",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Kommune",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Kommune"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "kommune",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: kommune",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: kommune"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "kommune",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kommune",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kommune"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "کمون",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "komun"
},
"expansion": "→ Persian: کمون (komun)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Persian: کمون (komun)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "комму́на",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: комму́на (kommúna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: комму́на (kommúna)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kommun",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: kommun",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: kommun"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "komün",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Turkish: komün",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Turkish: komün"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "communia"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Medieval Latin communia",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Medieval Latin communia, neuter plural of communis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "communes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "commune f (plural communes)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"commune (administrative subdivision)"
],
"links": [
[
"commune",
"commune#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔ.myn/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-commune.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Fr-commune.ogg/Fr-commune.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Fr-commune.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Commune in France"
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French adjective forms",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French non-lemma forms",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "adjective form"
},
"expansion": "commune",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "commun"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feminine singular of commun"
],
"links": [
[
"commun",
"commun#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔ.myn/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-commune.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Fr-commune.ogg/Fr-commune.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Fr-commune.ogg"
}
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian adjectives",
"Italian countable nouns",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian masculine nouns",
"Italian nouns",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "communi",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "commune (plural communi)",
"name": "it-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "comune"
}
],
"categories": [
"Italian obsolete terms"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of comune"
],
"links": [
[
"comune",
"comune#Italian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Alternative form of comune"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian adjectives",
"Italian countable nouns",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian masculine nouns",
"Italian nouns",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "communità"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "communi",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "commune m (plural communi)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "comune"
}
],
"categories": [
"Italian obsolete terms"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of comune"
],
"links": [
[
"comune",
"comune#Italian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Alternative form of comune"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin adjective forms",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the third declension",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "commūne",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "commūne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "commūne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "commūne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "commūne<3>"
},
"expansion": "commūne n (genitive commūnis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "commūne<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"joint, common or public property and rights"
],
"links": [
[
"joint",
"joint"
],
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"public",
"public"
],
[
"property",
"property"
],
[
"rights",
"rights"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"public places and interests"
],
"links": [
[
"places",
"places"
],
[
"interests",
"interests"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"common feature, characteristic, general rule or terms"
],
"links": [
[
"feature",
"feature"
],
[
"characteristic",
"characteristic"
],
[
"general",
"general"
],
[
"rule",
"rule"
],
[
"terms",
"terms"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"general"
],
"links": [
[
"general",
"general"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Medieval Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"league or corporation of citizens"
],
"links": [
[
"league",
"league"
],
[
"corporation",
"corporation"
],
[
"citizen",
"citizen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin) league or corporation of citizens"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Medieval Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"a universal tax"
],
"links": [
[
"tax",
"tax"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin) a universal tax"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-3"
]
}
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin adjective forms",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the third declension",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "commūne",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "adjective form",
"head": "commūne"
},
"expansion": "commūne",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "commūnis"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular of commūnis"
],
"links": [
[
"commūnis",
"communis#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "commune",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "… Beloved and feared, through favor of fortune,\nBoth by his lords and by his citizenry.",
"ref": "late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Clerk's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 69-70",
"roman": "Bothe of his lordes and of his commune.",
"text": "[...] Biloved and drad, thurgh favour of fortune,",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"commons; citizenry"
],
"links": [
[
"commons",
"commons"
],
[
"citizenry",
"citizenry"
]
]
}
],
"word": "commune"
}
Download raw JSONL data for commune meaning in All languages combined (31.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.